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		<title>From software bloat to world resource crisis</title>
		<link>http://davidbourguignon.wordpress.com/2012/02/20/from-software-bloat-to-world-resource-crisis/</link>
		<comments>http://davidbourguignon.wordpress.com/2012/02/20/from-software-bloat-to-world-resource-crisis/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 20 Feb 2012 11:15:39 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>davidbourguignon</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Economics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bloat]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[hardware]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ressource use]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[software]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://davidbourguignon.wordpress.com/?p=288</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Soon her eye fell on a little glass box that was lying under the table: she opened it, and found in it a very small cake, on which the words “EAT ME” were beautifully marked in currants. “Well, I’ll eat it,” said Alice, “and if it makes me grow larger, I can reach the key; [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=davidbourguignon.wordpress.com&amp;blog=2955479&amp;post=288&amp;subd=davidbourguignon&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em>Soon her eye fell on a little glass box that was lying under the table: she opened it, and found in it a very small cake, on which the words “EAT ME” were beautifully marked in currants. “Well, I’ll eat it,” said Alice, “and if it makes me grow larger, I can reach the key; and if it makes me grow smaller, I can creep under the door: so either way I’ll get into the garden, and I don’t care which happens!”</em></p>
<p style="text-align:right;">– Lewis Carroll, <a href="http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Alice%27s_Adventures_in_Wonderland/Chapter_1" target="_blank"><em>Alice&#8217;s Adventures in Wonderland</em></a> (1865)</p>
<p>As Alice, we wonder everyday whether or not each of our decisions will have any impact on the world. Especially, when they look so insignificant! We go to a little wonder shop around the corner, and buy <a href="http://www.apple.com/" target="_blank">shiny e-cakes</a> that all ask to be devoured immediately&#8230; Unfortunately, as Alice soon learns during her adventures in Wonderland, there are always consequences to careless choices.</p>
<p>In a recent comment, following a great post on software <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life-cycle_assessment" target="_blank">life-cycle analysis</a>, Olivier Philippot <a href="http://www.greenit.fr/article/bonnes-pratiques/analyse-du-cycle-de-vie-des-logiciels-etat-de-lart-4205" target="_blank">made four key observations</a> that could help us better understand the consequences of our choices in the software industry. Here is my take on them:</p>
<ol>
<li>The ever-growing needs in computer resources of new versions of software products is the main cause of the accelerated obsolescence of computer hardware, leading to an <a href="http://www.pikeresearch.com/newsroom/e-waste-environmental-crisis-is-being-mitigated-by-strong-growth-in-electronics-recycling-and-reuse" target="_blank">exponential increase</a> in the quantity of <a href="http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/weee/index_en.htm" target="_blank">toxic e-waste</a>.</li>
<li>Therefore, it should be sufficient to progressively reduce the resource needs of new versions of software products to extend the effective lifespan of computer hardware.</li>
<li>Software publishers know how to reduce the resource needs of their software products: first, they avoid piling up unnecessary software layers on top of one another, and second, they <a href="http://blog.dhananjaynene.com/2008/07/performance-comparison-c-java-python-ruby-jython-jruby-groovy/" target="_blank">compile their code</a>.</li>
<li>However, many software publishers generally do not do it because developing quality software products makes less money than shipping poorly designed, hastily developed, resources-hungry <em>bloatware</em>. Of course, the benefit they make is a hidden cost for their customers, and hereafter the general public.</li>
</ol>
<p>Let&#8217;s take an example: the PDF reader you use everyday. While delivering nearly the same user experience for twenty years, each new version of the well-known <a href="http://www.adobe.com/products/reader.html" target="_blank">Adobe Reader</a> becomes heavier on resources, whether <a href="http://blog.kowalczyk.info/software/sumatrapdf/free-pdf-reader.html" target="_blank">Sumatra PDF</a>, the brainchild of a small team of free software developers, is nearly achieving the features coverage of its illustrious competitor, but with a tiny footprint. Corporate responsibility, anyone?</p>
<p>Could it be possible to draw a path from this mundane software bloat problem to the world resource crisis? Among the many mottoes that make the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agile_programming" target="_blank">Agile programmer</a>&#8216;s ethos, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/You_ain%27t_gonna_need_it" target="_blank">YAGNI principle</a> – &#8220;You ain&#8217;t gonna need it!&#8221; –  is maybe the most radical because it clearly states that bloat, this hallmark of our consumption society, which has been driving product design, technology, decision-making and society as a whole, for nearly a century, is suddenly threatening everything.</p>
<p>Maybe the time has come to drop our unnecessary weights, renounce our quantity-obsessed demeanour, and instead focus on <a href="http://blogs.hbr.org/haque/2009/07/today_in_capitalism_20_1.html" target="_blank">simple, meaningful stuff that matters the most</a>?</p>
<p>Maybe the time has come for <em>light things</em>, that respect us and the world we live in.</p>
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			<media:title type="html">David</media:title>
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		<title>2012, with hope</title>
		<link>http://davidbourguignon.wordpress.com/2012/01/01/2012-with-hope/</link>
		<comments>http://davidbourguignon.wordpress.com/2012/01/01/2012-with-hope/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 01 Jan 2012 22:47:01 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>davidbourguignon</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Philosophy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[2012]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[civilisation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cosmic feeling]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[love]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://davidbourguignon.wordpress.com/?p=284</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[2011 could one day be considered as the trigger of an historical strain on the very fabric of our civilisation. And 2012 could give us the first evidences of this change. When these evidences will accumulate over this decade, denial will no longer be an option. Let&#8217;s welcome 2012 with hope. Let&#8217;s always bet on [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=davidbourguignon.wordpress.com&amp;blog=2955479&amp;post=284&amp;subd=davidbourguignon&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>2011 could one day be considered as the trigger of an historical strain on the very fabric of our civilisation. And 2012 could give us the first evidences of this change. When these evidences will accumulate over this decade, denial will no longer be an option.</p>
<p>Let&#8217;s welcome 2012 with hope. Let&#8217;s always bet on intelligence: with the right tools and a desire to build, we will create amazing things. Let&#8217;s get inspired by <a href="http://www.sacred-texts.com/aor/einstein/einsci.htm" target="_blank">cosmic feelings</a> and rejoice: life on Earth is worth celebrating! Let&#8217;s open our brains and our hearts till they encompass its grandeur.</p>
<p>We carry our responsibility as a newborn child, in our arms. Even those who refuse to face this fact have kids who are active on the Internet. Love will win them all.</p>
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			<media:title type="html">David</media:title>
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		<title>Le Grand Paris, en majuscules d&#8217;autrefois</title>
		<link>http://davidbourguignon.wordpress.com/2011/11/08/le-grand-paris-en-majuscules-dautrefois/</link>
		<comments>http://davidbourguignon.wordpress.com/2011/11/08/le-grand-paris-en-majuscules-dautrefois/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 08 Nov 2011 20:03:12 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>davidbourguignon</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Economics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[collaborative work environment]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[information technology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[urban development]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://davidbourguignon.wordpress.com/?p=313</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Janvier 2011, c&#8217;était hier. Sur la photo, on sourit en se donnant l&#8217;accolade. On vient de se mettre d&#8217;accord pour dépenser (emprunter ?) 20,5 milliards d&#8217;euros afin de construire, d&#8217;ici 2025, les 150 kilomètres du &#8220;métro automatique Grand Paris Express [qui] permettra aux habitants de proche banlieue de se rendre dans les villes voisines sans [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=davidbourguignon.wordpress.com&amp;blog=2955479&amp;post=313&amp;subd=davidbourguignon&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Janvier 2011, c&#8217;était hier. Sur la photo, <a href="http://www.gouvernement.fr/gouvernement/grand-paris-express-le-trace-du-futur-reseau-de-transports-d-ile-de-france-est-devoile" target="_blank">on sourit en se donnant l&#8217;accolade</a>. On vient de se mettre d&#8217;accord pour dépenser (emprunter ?) 20,5 milliards d&#8217;euros afin de construire, d&#8217;ici 2025, les 150 kilomètres du <em>&#8220;métro automatique Grand Paris Express [qui] permettra aux habitants de proche banlieue de se rendre dans les villes voisines sans avoir à faire un détour par Paris&#8221;</em>.</p>
<p>Ah, le &#8220;Grand Paris&#8221;&#8230; Poursuivre l&#8217;achèvement du grand œuvre ancestral, l&#8217;accroissement des cernes du chêne royal, le déroulement de la spirale révolutionnaire conquérante&#8230; Dans l&#8217;évidence d&#8217;un après-midi tranquille, à l&#8217;abri d&#8217;un palais de la République, sous le regard sourcilleux de savants <a href="http://observatoiregrandparis.org/" target="_blank">qui se soucient ouvertement</a> de <em>&#8220;comment raconter une vision du futur pour qu&#8217;elle puisse devenir quelque chose de partagé et approprié par la plupart des sujets impliqués&#8221;</em>. Le progrès est entre de bonnes mains.</p>
<p>Toute cette grandiloquence suscite pourtant un sentiment de déjà-vu, évoque un air d&#8217;autrefois, charrie des effluves de trou des Halles et de Boulevard périphérique&#8230; Les porteurs de ce nouveau projet s&#8217;en souviennent, eux : ils avaient vingt ans pendant ces chantiers emblématiques des Trente Glorieuses, qui, déjà, voyaient l&#8217;avenir en majuscules. Y ont-ils cru, alors ?</p>
<p>Étonnant début de 21e siècle ! On continue toujours à y décider en refusant de prendre en compte la rupture majeure qui se déroule sous nos yeux : l&#8217;avènement des technologies de l&#8217;information, le déploiement du réseau Internet, la mise à disposition de tous d&#8217;une pléthore d&#8217;outils intelligents. Et l&#8217;on feint toujours d&#8217;ignorer que cela entraîne déjà un bouleversement radical dans l&#8217;organisation du travail : désormais mobile, à distance, dans des lieux partagés, devenant à la fois plus collaboratif et plus individualisé.</p>
<p>Posons la question à nos &#8220;Grands Parisiens&#8221; : ont-ils vraiment rêvé de se déplacer en silence autour de la Capitale, comme des Indiens prisonniers d&#8217;une réserve sans commencement ni fin ? Se pourrait-il que le vœu secret de ces Français, otages du centralisme, ne soit pas d&#8217;essayer de survivre dans une mégalopole tentaculaire, mais plutôt de renouer avec un art de vivre oublié, dans des villes et des villages à échelle humaine, tout en restant connectés au monde ? Apparemment, de tout cela, nos signataires d&#8217;accords gouvernementaux n&#8217;en ont cure.</p>
<p>Nos plus proches voisins, en <a href="http://www.smartworkcenters.be/" target="_blank">Belgique</a> et aux <a href="http://www.connectedurbandevelopment.org/connected_and_sustainable_work/smart_work_center/amsterdam" target="_blank">Pays-Bas</a>, ont décidé, eux, de vivre avec leur temps, et ils développent en ce moment même, à moindre coût, des infrastructures légères permettant à de nouvelles formes d&#8217;organisation de s&#8217;épanouir. Restons optimistes : les choses commencent aussi à bouger modestement, en <a href="http://www.greenandconnectedcities.eu/fr/accueil/" target="_blank">France</a>. Mais pas partout. Étrangement, comme pris de torpeur ancienne, on continue, au sommet de nos pyramides, à y rêver de pouvoir centralisé, de réseaux de transport concentriques, et d&#8217;<a href="http://aeroport-grandouest.fr/" target="_blank">aéroports</a>&#8230; Les années 1960 ne finiront-elles donc jamais ?</p>
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			<media:title type="html">David</media:title>
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		<title>The silent &#8216;smart meters&#8217; controversy</title>
		<link>http://davidbourguignon.wordpress.com/2011/09/12/the-silent-smart-meters-controversy/</link>
		<comments>http://davidbourguignon.wordpress.com/2011/09/12/the-silent-smart-meters-controversy/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 12 Sep 2011 08:29:19 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>davidbourguignon</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Innovation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[control]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[privacy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[smart metering]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[technology]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://davidbourguignon.wordpress.com/?p=266</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[&#8220;The principal source of injustice in our epoch is political approval for the existence of tools that by their very nature restrict to a very few the liberty to use them in an autonomous way. The pompous rituals by which each man is given a vote to choose between factions only cover up the fact [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=davidbourguignon.wordpress.com&amp;blog=2955479&amp;post=266&amp;subd=davidbourguignon&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em>&#8220;The principal source of injustice in our epoch is political approval for the existence of tools that by their very nature restrict to a very few the liberty to use them in an autonomous way. The pompous rituals by which each man is given a vote to choose between factions only cover up the fact that the imperialism of industrial tools is both arbitrary and growing. [...] This means that politics in a postindustrial society must be mainly concerned with the development of design criteria for tools rather than as now with the choice of production goals.&#8221;</em></p>
<p style="text-align:right;">– <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Illich" target="_blank">Ivan Illich</a>, <a href="http://www.preservenet.com/theory/Illich/IllichTools.html" target="_blank"><em>Tools for Conviviality</em></a> (1973)</p>
<p>More than thirty-five years later, Illich&#8217;s visionary comment is today illustrated with a silent but growing controversy about smart meters and other mass surveillance systems deployed under governments auspices. A recent article by John Vidal from the Guardian, entitled <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/blog/2011/mar/30/smart-meters-power-firms" target="_blank"><em>Why smart meters could make power firms richer</em></a>, made things even clearer. In fact, we know from the example of illustrious Web companies that collecting and using personal and behavioral information leads to very profitable businesses.</p>
<p>However, this point is not so commonly made in Europe, where huge amounts of money are going to be spent on smart meters without questioning the very design of these systems. In fact, detailed answers to several important questions are still missing: What is the business model of smart metering? That is, who will make money from it, to cover its costs? What kind of data will be collected, and shipped to whom?</p>
<p>Silence. Currently, <a href="http://events.ccc.de/congress/2011/Fahrplan/events/4754.en.html" target="_blank">deeply intrusive and weakly secured technology</a> is about to be massively deployed without stating clearly its purpose. Industrialists are tiptoeing around the issues and apparently avoiding facing uncomfortable facts&#8230; Why real-time highly accurate individual data has to be transmitted outside homes if it is supposed to help people monitor their domestic energy consumption? Silence. Are all these details really needed to manage large-scale electricity networks? (It seems that aggregated data would do the job, doesn&#8217;t it?) Silence.</p>
<p>We live in strange times: the path towards sustainable development should be focusing on enlightened collective responsibility and individual autonomy, and sometimes we shiver when a dark cloud passes over the sun, casting its gigantic shadow on the ground.</p>
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			<media:title type="html">David</media:title>
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		<title>L&#8217;Amazonie comme métaphore</title>
		<link>http://davidbourguignon.wordpress.com/2011/08/18/lamazonie-comme-metaphore/</link>
		<comments>http://davidbourguignon.wordpress.com/2011/08/18/lamazonie-comme-metaphore/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 18 Aug 2011 21:33:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>davidbourguignon</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Politics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[alstom]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[amazon]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[dam]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sustainable development]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://davidbourguignon.wordpress.com/?p=246</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Lettre ouverte à M. Patrick Kron, PDG du groupe Alstom. Comme vous le savez sans doute, le projet brésilien de construction du barrage de Belo Monte sur le fleuve Xingù, auquel Alstom participe, est en train de susciter une prise de conscience internationale. Comment en serait-il autrement, alors que, dans un scénario qui ressemble tristement [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=davidbourguignon.wordpress.com&amp;blog=2955479&amp;post=246&amp;subd=davidbourguignon&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em>Lettre ouverte à M. Patrick Kron, PDG du groupe <a href="http://www.alstom.com/fr/contacts/" target="_blank">Alstom</a>.</em></p>
<p>Comme vous le savez sans doute, le projet brésilien de construction du barrage de Belo Monte sur le fleuve Xingù, auquel Alstom participe, est en train de susciter <a href="http://amazonwatch.org/take-action/stop-the-belo-monte-monster-dam" target="_blank">une prise de conscience internationale</a>. Comment en serait-il autrement, alors que, dans un scénario qui ressemble tristement au récent film <a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avatar_%28film,_2009%29" target="_blank">Avatar de James Cameron</a>, les droits des populations indigènes sont une fois de plus bafoués, pour faire place à une exploitation industrielle destructrice ?</p>
<p>Les chefs des tribus du bassin du Xingù ayant promis &#8220;la guerre&#8221; au gouvernement brésilien en cas de refus du dialogue, Alstom souhaite-il vraiment s&#8217;associer à ce qui s&#8217;annonce déjà comme un désastre en terme d&#8217;image pour le Brésil et ses partenaires, à trois ans du lancement de la Coupe de monde de football dans ce pays ?</p>
<p>Oui, votre contrat de fourniture de turbines pour le barrage de Belo Monte s&#8217;élèverait à 500 millions d&#8217;euros. Oui, vous vous attendriez à d&#8217;autres contrats, car ce barrage n&#8217;est que le premier d&#8217;une longue série qui détruira définitivement l&#8217;ensemble de la région du Xingù en inondant des milliers d&#8217;hectares de forêt primaire. Mais que vaudra cet argent si Alstom se retrouve demain pris au piège d&#8217;un conflit qui vous dépasse ?</p>
<p>La société Alstom met en avant sa maîtrise des énergies renouvelables du vent et de la biomasse. Le Brésil est sûrement l&#8217;un des endroits au monde où ces deux éléments sont présents en abondance. N&#8217;est-il pas temps de faire preuve de créativité et de convaincre votre client brésilien que les équipes d&#8217;Alstom peuvent trouver une autre solution à son problème énergétique, que celle l&#8217;on cherche partout à imposer, par manque d&#8217;imagination ? Comme au 19e siècle, le développement économique doit-il forcément s&#8217;accompagner de la destruction des cultures humaines et des milieux naturels dans lesquels elles vivent ?</p>
<p>Le temps presse. Les décisions que vous prendrez seront lourdes de conséquences. Mais ce qui pouvait autrefois être passé sous silence <a href="http://www.avaaz.org/en/save_the_amazon_a/" target="_blank">occupe aujourd&#8217;hui le devant de la scène</a>. Mettez-vous un seul instant à la place de ces tribus, à qui vous retirez la raison même de leur existence. Qu&#8217;ont-ils à perdre, face à des puissances qui les ignorent ? Rien. Imaginez alors qu&#8217;ils décident d&#8217;aller jusqu&#8217;au bout de leur démarche, et qu&#8217;il déclarent, effectivement, &#8220;la guerre&#8221;. Il faudra bien un jour commencer à réaliser que, en ce début chaotique de 21e siècle, le <em>business as usual</em> n&#8217;existe plus.</p>
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			<media:title type="html">David</media:title>
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		<title>Facebook, icon of our Hegelian age?</title>
		<link>http://davidbourguignon.wordpress.com/2011/08/17/facebook-icon-of-our-hegelian-age/</link>
		<comments>http://davidbourguignon.wordpress.com/2011/08/17/facebook-icon-of-our-hegelian-age/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 17 Aug 2011 20:05:19 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>davidbourguignon</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Philosophy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[anonymous]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[freedom]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[hegel]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[social network]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://davidbourguignon.wordpress.com/?p=232</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[&#8220;It is not the general idea that is implicated in opposition and combat, and that is exposed to danger. It remains in the background, untouched and uninjured. This may be called the cunning of reason, — that it sets the passions to work for itself, while that which develops its existence through such impulsion pays [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=davidbourguignon.wordpress.com&amp;blog=2955479&amp;post=232&amp;subd=davidbourguignon&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em>&#8220;It is not the general idea that is implicated in opposition and combat, and that is exposed to danger. It remains in the background, untouched and uninjured. This may be called the </em>cunning of reason<em>, — that it sets the passions to work for itself, while that which develops its existence through such impulsion pays the penalty and suffers loss.&#8221;</em></p>
<p style="text-align:right;">– Georg Hegel, <em><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lectures_on_the_Philosophy_of_History" target="_blank">Lectures on the Philosophy of History</a></em> (1837)</p>
<p>The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anonymous_%28group%29" target="_blank">Anonymous</a> have decided <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/anonymous-facebook-2011-8" target="_blank">to rampage the virtual land of Facebook</a> on November 5th, promising to free its inhabitants from their merciless ruler(s). As a replacement to Facebook, they have announced the ongoing development of a social networking platform called <a href="http://anonplus.bombshellz.net/" target="_blank">Anonplus</a>&#8230; This sounds definitely like an interesting challenge, at least for Facebook system administrators, but do the Anonymous really understand what is at stake?</p>
<p>Facebook, a perfect example of Hegel&#8217;s cunning of reason? In fact, it is through the megalomaniac whims of a young adult (or rather, a very old teenager) that Facebook came into existence, as a monstrous offspring of the first decade of the 21st century, and is now valued at <a href="http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702304584404576442950773361780.html" target="_blank">nonsensical heights</a>&#8230; It is now with the voices of <a href="http://www.facebook.com/press/info.php?statistics" target="_blank">more than 750 millions people</a> that this social network resonates everyday, helping human beings all over the world make their pleas.</p>
<p>Individual consciousnesses, without wanting nor knowing it, are serving what transcends them, and through the actions of passionate individuals, reason becomes real, says Hegel. Therefore, if Facebook can be considered as a dictatorship, satisfying the egoistical desires of its main shareholder, it nevertheless contributes to the development of liberty, spreading revolutionary ideas across the entire planet, ignoring borders.</p>
<p>Facebook, icon of our Hegelian age? In the meantime, don&#8217;t forget to backup your list of Facebook friends using the great <a href="http://www.facebook.com/apps/application.php?id=32853197098" target="_blank">Export Friends To CSV</a> application: who knows, the Anonymous&#8217; <em>coup d&#8217;état</em> could succeed!</p>
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			<media:title type="html">David</media:title>
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		<title>Vous avez dit illimité&#8230; Vraiment ?</title>
		<link>http://davidbourguignon.wordpress.com/2011/08/01/vous-avez-dit-illimite-vraiment/</link>
		<comments>http://davidbourguignon.wordpress.com/2011/08/01/vous-avez-dit-illimite-vraiment/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 01 Aug 2011 10:23:47 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>davidbourguignon</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Economics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[price model]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ressource use]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[telecommunication]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://davidbourguignon.wordpress.com/?p=180</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Ah, les beaux jours des forfaits de télécommunication illimités&#8230; Seraient-ils derrière nous ? Je viens de quitter mon opérateur de téléphonie mobile pour passer chez un opérateur virtuel peu connu, appelé Prixtel. Pourquoi ? Parce qu&#8217;avec leur forfait Chrono le prix facturé est proportionnel à mon usage effectif, tout en restant inférieur aux forfaits correspondants [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=davidbourguignon.wordpress.com&amp;blog=2955479&amp;post=180&amp;subd=davidbourguignon&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em></em>Ah, les beaux jours des forfaits de télécommunication illimités&#8230; Seraient-ils derrière nous ? Je viens de quitter mon opérateur de téléphonie mobile pour passer chez un opérateur virtuel peu connu, appelé <a>Prixtel</a>. Pourquoi ? Parce qu&#8217;avec leur <a href="http://www.prixtel.com/particulier/offre-telephone-mobile/forfait-chrono-sans-engagement/chrono" target="_blank">forfait Chrono</a> le prix facturé est proportionnel à mon usage effectif, tout en restant inférieur aux forfaits correspondants des concurrents. Oui, on peut le dire, à rebours de tout le monde, <em>Prixtel ne pousse pas à la consommation</em>. Cela ferait-il partie de leur modèle économique ?</p>
<p>Faire payer un client en fonction de son usage d&#8217;une ressource donnée tombe sous le sens, mais ce genre d&#8217;évidence ne se constate que rarement de nos jours sur Internet&#8230; Ah, les belles histoires que nous racontent Google, Facebook, Twitter et les autres ! Croissez et multipliez, nous nous chargeons du reste : le retour au réel sera rude dans un monde désormais gouverné par les lois inflexibles de la physique, que ce soit celle des télécommunications ou bien de la biosphère tout entière.</p>
<p>Il est donc probable que les modèles économiques de paiement à l&#8217;usage se généralisent dans l&#8217;avenir, car eux seuls permettent un développement à long terme des entreprises, en intégrant dès le départ les risques et les limites de leur croissance. Cependant, le calcul du &#8220;prix de la ressource&#8221; va se complexifier, car il devra réintégrer <a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Externalité" target="_blank">toutes les externalités</a>, qui jusqu&#8217;à présent en étaient écartées, par volonté délibérée ou par simple ignorance.</p>
<p>Dans un monde où la demande dépasse désormais souvent l&#8217;offre, ces modèles auront pour effet vertueux d&#8217;instaurer une auto-régulation douce, évitant ainsi les effets déstabilisateurs d&#8217;une pénurie soudaine. Finalement, le monde des télécommunications aura abandonné son <em>horizon virtuel</em> pour redevenir une <em>activité réelle..</em>. Pour le meilleur !</p>
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			<media:title type="html">David</media:title>
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		<title>&#8216;Into Eternity&#8217; : méditation à la croisée des chemins</title>
		<link>http://davidbourguignon.wordpress.com/2011/06/02/into-eternity-meditation-a-la-croisee-des-chemins/</link>
		<comments>http://davidbourguignon.wordpress.com/2011/06/02/into-eternity-meditation-a-la-croisee-des-chemins/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 02 Jun 2011 09:53:41 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>davidbourguignon</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Philosophy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[documentary film]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[finland]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[nuclear waste]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[responsability]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://davidbourguignon.wordpress.com/?p=148</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[« À la moitié du chemin de la vraie vie, nous étions environnés d’une sombre mélancolie. » – Dante Alighieri, Divine comédie, chant I (vers 1300). Étonnant rapprochement : en lisant les premiers vers de la Divine comédie, on ne peut s&#8217;empêcher de songer au destin de notre propre civilisation, soudain brutalement confrontée à des [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=davidbourguignon.wordpress.com&amp;blog=2955479&amp;post=148&amp;subd=davidbourguignon&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align:left;"><em>« À la moitié du chemin de la vraie vie, nous étions environnés d’une sombre mélancolie. »</em></p>
<p style="text-align:right;">– Dante Alighieri, <a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enfer_-_Chant_I" target="_blank"><em>Divine comédie</em>, chant I</a> (vers 1300).</p>
<p>Étonnant rapprochement : en lisant les premiers vers de la <em>Divine comédie</em>, on ne peut s&#8217;empêcher de songer au destin de notre propre civilisation, soudain brutalement confrontée à des choix qui dépassent l&#8217;horizon de pensée commun.</p>
<p>Depuis peu, les discours sont émaillés de références lointaines : en 2020, en 2050, dans un siècle&#8230; Ces dates défilent devant nous comme un compte à rebours étrange, qui dilate en secret nos existences elles-mêmes.</p>
<p>Un millier de siècles ! C&#8217;est l&#8217;horizon que se propose d&#8217;explorer le documentaire fascinant de Michael Madsen, <a href="http://www.intoeternitythemovie.com/" target="_blank"><em>Into Eternity</em></a> (réalisé en 2009, sorti en France en 2011). Oui, cent mille ans, c&#8217;est le délai qui sera nécessaire pour que les 200,000 tonnes de déchets radioactifs qui ont été produits jusque-là par l&#8217;industrie nucléaire, deviennent inoffensifs.</p>
<p>Au milieu de la Finlande, des hommes creusent une tombe gigantesque, à des centaines de mètres de profondeur dans la roche-mère, qui sera le lieu de repos ultime d&#8217;un feu mortel qui ne veut plus s&#8217;éteindre.</p>
<p>Demain, d&#8217;autres mausolées surgiront en France, aux États-Unis, en Chine, en Inde et ailleurs&#8230; Ils seront probablement tout ce qui restera de notre époque quand nos villes auront disparu. Ils célébreront la responsabilité éternelle d&#8217;une civilisation qui finit par devenir indifférente à la vie elle-même.</p>
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			<media:title type="html">David</media:title>
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		<title>Les nouveaux Galilée</title>
		<link>http://davidbourguignon.wordpress.com/2011/05/27/les-nouveaux-galilee/</link>
		<comments>http://davidbourguignon.wordpress.com/2011/05/27/les-nouveaux-galilee/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 27 May 2011 21:56:22 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>davidbourguignon</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Philosophy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[finiteness]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[galileo]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[paradigm]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://davidbourguignon.wordpress.com/?p=136</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[« Le temps du monde fini commence. » – Paul Valéry, Regards sur le monde actuel (1931). Aurions-nous pu imaginer, il y a de cela à peine quelques décennies, que tout irait aussi vite ? Le vingt-et-unième siècle à peine entamé, nous voici désormais confrontés à la finitude de notre domaine, pour reprendre la belle expression [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=davidbourguignon.wordpress.com&amp;blog=2955479&amp;post=136&amp;subd=davidbourguignon&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em>« Le temps du monde fini commence. »</em></p>
<p style="text-align:right;">– Paul Valéry, <a href="http://classiques.uqac.ca/classiques/Valery_paul/regards_sur_le_monde_actuel/valery_regards.pdf" target="_blank"><em>Regards sur le monde actuel</em></a> (1931).</p>
<p>Aurions-nous pu imaginer, il y a de cela à peine quelques décennies, que tout irait aussi vite ? Le vingt-et-unième siècle à peine entamé, nous voici désormais confrontés à <em>la finitude de notre domaine</em>, pour reprendre <a href="http://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/2004/05/JACQUARD/11175" target="_blank">la belle expression d&#8217;Albert Jacquard</a>.</p>
<p>Nous semblons vivre une époque en tous points similaire à celle du grand <em>Galileo Galilei</em>, inventeur de la science moderne. Une gigantesque controverse s&#8217;est levée au large, elle approche désormais en grondant des côtes les plus protégées des civilisations avancées. Aucune digue culturelle ne lui résistera.</p>
<p><em>La finitude de notre domaine&#8230;</em> Qui, parmi les gouvernants des puissances économiques et politiques de notre temps, a envie d&#8217;entendre une pareille leçon d&#8217;humilité ? Et pourtant, celle-ci est répétée, jour après jour, par des voix innombrables : scientifiques, entrepreneurs, militants, citoyens ordinaires. Les nouveaux Galilée.</p>
<p>En face, se regroupe une foule compacte, non pas de cardinaux soucieux de maintenir la cohérence intellectuelle d&#8217;un système religieux, mais un rassemblement hétéroclite de partis, publics ou privés, qui défendent avant tout les intérêts de <em>ceux qui ont tout à perdre</em> à un changement de paradigme.</p>
<p>Quatre siècles après avoir reconnu que la Terre n&#8217;était pas le centre de l&#8217;Univers, il nous faut désormais admettre que cette petite bille de glaise est finalement tout ce qui nous est donné de conquérir, ici et maintenant, et d&#8217;aussi loin que porte le regard sur l&#8217;horizon des siècles.</p>
<p><em>Ô la finitude de notre domaine !</em></p>
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			<media:title type="html">David</media:title>
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		<title>What happened to Google&#8217;s antinuclear stance?</title>
		<link>http://davidbourguignon.wordpress.com/2011/04/26/what-happened-to-googles-antinuclear-stance/</link>
		<comments>http://davidbourguignon.wordpress.com/2011/04/26/what-happened-to-googles-antinuclear-stance/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 26 Apr 2011 21:57:13 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>davidbourguignon</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Economics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cost]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[google]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[nuclear energy]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://davidbourguignon.wordpress.com/?p=118</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[&#8220;So, from our perspective we look at this and it goes: look guys, here is what we want to do. We want to focus on three technologies, renewable, right, obviously, things we&#8217;ll have forever, and, by the way, we are not running out of it! The Sun&#8217;s not going away any time soon. You get [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=davidbourguignon.wordpress.com&amp;blog=2955479&amp;post=118&amp;subd=davidbourguignon&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em>&#8220;So, from our perspective we look at this and it goes: look guys, here is what we want to do. We want to focus on three technologies, renewable, right, obviously, things we&#8217;ll have forever, and, by the way, we are not running out of it! The Sun&#8217;s not going away any time soon. You get the idea. What&#8217;s interesting by the vision: you look at those and when you compare them for example to nuclear, which in our model we simply assume as relatively constant, the nuclear cost, just on a cost basis, doesn&#8217;t cost out! And I&#8217;m ignoring the strategic questions, and the political arguments, and so forth. It&#8217;s just cheaper to invest. It&#8217;s funny because I was listening to one of these radio shows where he said: &#8216;well, these people say we should use wind and solar instead of nuclear!&#8217;&#8230; Yes!</em> (Laughs) <em>Because they&#8217;re cheaper! OK, it&#8217;s like money.</em> (Laughs) <em>OK, it&#8217;s like real simple.&#8221;</em></p>
<p style="text-align:right;">– Eric Schmidt, <em><a href="http://fora.tv/2008/10/01/Eric_Schmidt_Where_Would_Google_Drill#Eric_Schmidt_Renewables_are_Cheaper_Not_Nuclear" target="_blank">Where Would Google Drill?</a></em>,<br />
The Commonwealth Club of California,<br />
San Francisco, October 1st, 2008.</p>
<p>Today is the 25th anniversary of the Chernobyl disaster (the nuclear plant exploded at 01:23 on April 26th, 1986) and <a href="http://www.google.com/logos/" target="_blank">what do we see on Google&#8217;s front page</a>, often dedicated to the celebration of noble causes? We see beautiful and rare (and extinct?) bird species, joyfully chirping! Oh yes, we nearly forgot this: let&#8217;s celebrate today the 226th birthday of our dear <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_James_Audubon" target="_blank">Jean-Jacques Audubon</a>, the delicate painter, the unsung poet of the magnificence of our feathered friends!</p>
<p>This is&#8230; cute? But what happened to Google&#8217;s antinuclear stance, as clearly defined in 2008 by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Schmidt" target="_blank">Eric Schmidt</a> himself, then CEO of one of the most powerful high-tech companies in the world? His point was straightforward: nuclear power is rare and expensive, compared to abundant renewable energies. Who would seriously invest in this technology? And which insurance company would be foolish enough to cover the damages of a nuclear accident? (The cost of the Chernobyl disaster <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chernobyl_disaster#Economic_cost" target="_blank">is estimated around 235G$</a>.)</p>
<p>Answers to both questions are very simple: nuclear energy is a highly-subsidized industry, backed by governments themselves. And in case of trouble, citizens will pay the bill. It is very simple, isn&#8217;t it?</p>
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